Research Proposal Argument


                                      The Knockout: Improving Teen Substance Abuse
Drug use is and has been for many years a major factor in the everyday lives of people in our society. The abuse of drugs, rather prescription or not, can have detrimental effects on the human body and mind. This kind of substance abuse has been seen in teens more and more every year. The National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) for Teens acknowledges in their 2002 Monitoring the Future Study, that “about 6.5 percent of 8th graders, 17.0 percent of 10th graders, and 22.9 percent of 12th graders had used marijuana in the month before the survey”. They then go on to state the fact that “Since 2007, annual, monthly, and daily marijuana use increased among 10th and 12th graders while daily use increased among 8th graders” (“Facts on”). Today’s youth are not only experimenting with marijuana, but also things such as cocaine, ecstasy, bath salts, and much more. These substances pose serious threats to the long and healthy life that adolescents should have to look forward to. According to the NIDA for Teens, “About 9 percent of people who use marijuana become dependent on it. The number increases to about one in six among those who start using it at a young age, and to 25 to 50 percent among daily users” (“Facts on”). This data shows that young adults are at an extremely high risk of addiction. The more popular that these drugs get in society, the higher this risk gets for these teens. Teens today are under the illusion that drugs are cool and that they will not have any effect on them. This type of attitude is only a result of their ignorance to the true effects of drug abuse. Many different approaches have been taken as an attempt to stop this expediting rate of teens using drugs. There have been things from school required drug and health awareness classes, local community group programs, and even media broadcastings for drug awareness. Unfortunately many of these things have not given a good enough solution to the problem that we are facing today. Adolescent drug abuse is an apparent issue in our society, but by members of both the family and the community getting involved in the healthy development of our youth, there can be a great deal of change for the better.
Before our society can fully understand why adolescent drug use is such a huge problem every single where we turn, the serious causes and effects of drug abuse in teens must be understood. Young people have been exposed to drugs for a number of years now and have become a lot more dependent on them over time. In the article “The Natural History of Adolescent Drug Use”, it is analyzed that “the drug epidemic in the United States began in the late 1960s and is still with us” (Robins 656). Drugs can be easily accessed in a ginormous country such as the United States of America. As long as teens have the funds to purchase these drugs, they are pretty much sure to find someone who is willing to sell to them. Also with such easy access, drugs are being exposed to people at younger and younger ages as the years go by. The majority of people who develop an addiction to a substance of some sort would have developed this as an adolescent and carried on with this problem throughout the rest of their lives. In Lloyd Johnston’s book Monitoring the future: National results on adolescent drug use: Overview of key findings, he states that “Today, nearly half (47%) have tried an illicit drug by the time they finish high school” (90). This percentage is extremely high; therefore action should be taken to lower it. Children should not be able to get ahold to any type of drug they would like, especially since they are all more than likely to not have any knowledge over what they are being given and what the side effects are to these substances.
There have been many programs created within the recent years, such as D. A. R. E. (Drug Abuse Resistance Education), J. A. D. E. (Juvenile Alcohol and Drug Education & Tobacco Education), and others. These programs have been implemented in order to prevent adolescents from abusing drugs and other substances. They attempt this by providing both mental and physical support along with education over these substances to young adults and their parents/families. In “Preventing Adolescent Drug Use: Long Term Results of A Junior High Program” authors Phyllis L. Ellickson, Robert M. Bell, and Kimberly McGuigan open with the statement that “Among the most promising programs are those based on the social influence model, which emphasizes strategies for identifying and resisting social pressures to use drugs” (6). Programs along the lines of these have lent a helping hand in improving the statistics of adolescent drug abuse in the United States within the recent years. Yet, although these programs have been of great help for many young adults, there still seems to be an abundance of our youth who are using drugs today.
There are many factors that play a role in adolescent addiction to drugs. Many of these factors consist of family interaction along with peer interaction in their everyday social lives, and also the environment that these teens are being raised up in. Eva Y. Deykin, Janice C. Levy, and Victoria Wells, doctors and authors of “Adolescent Depression, Alcohol and Drug Abuse”, proclaim that “among adolescents, lowered self-esteem initiated drug use which then produced an improvement in self-esteem” (178). This leads us to infer that many teens use drugs as a coping mechanism for not looking the way they believe that they should be.
Self-esteem and depression tend to play a large role in the choice to even consider drugs in most adolescent cases. When they doubt themselves, they then turn to substances that give them the illusion to feel better about themselves. When adolescents begin to abuse drugs it has an effect on a number of people, including themselves. Their families are also affected because they will have to deal with a moody and unstable teenager that will do just about anything to get their drug of choice. This will also occur for the friends of these teens, who will no longer have that same bond that they once did because other things have become much more important to their addicted friend than they are. Although drug abuse will have a tremendous effect on the friends and family, teens who use suffer the most.
The effects that drugs have on teens can range anywhere between mental, social and physical problems. They will soon begin to feel shut off from the world and everything that they know due to the fact that they are living a completely separate life from everyone else. This can result in serious psychological issues from the feeling of isolation from the rest of the world. The thing that will most likely affect them for the remainder of their lives is the physical strain that drug use can put on your body. The NIDA for Teens reports the physical effects that marijuana alone can have on a person. Due to the affect that marijuana has on your brain, they concluded that “your ability to do complex tasks could be compromised, as well as your pursuit of academic, athletic, or other life goals that require you to to be 100-percent focused and alert” (“Facts on”). Abusing drugs can cause multiple problems in one’s life and is often lifelong.
In order for society to truly get a hold of teens abusing drugs, the pending epidemic, the families and everyone in the community of these young adults must do a part in knocking out drugs, which will lead to the reformation of the society we live in. In the article " Preventing Adolescent Drug Use: Long Term Results of A Junior High Program", writers Phyllis L. Ellickson, Robert M. Bell, and Kimberly McGuigan analyze a program they created to raise teen drug use awareness. They called it The Project ALERT, which they implemented in 30 schools in California and Oregon of different types of backgrounds. The goal was to compare their form of drug awareness to the ones that the schools already had into effect. When reviewing their results, they discuss that “Our analysis of Project ALERT's results over 6 years yields two major conclusions:(1) Once the lessons stopped, the program's impact on drug use stopped as well; and (2) the curriculum's effect on cognitive risk factors lasted considerably longer” (Ellickson 860). The program had a positive effect on stopping teens from using, but once there was nothing to raise awareness for them, they continued to abuse drugs. These results suggest that teens need someone to give them the facts and knowledge about the substances that they would like to experiment with. When they are not educated on the effects of these drugs, it is more acceptable to think that it is okay to abuse. This is exactly why it is best for the community to pull together and educate students. The more involved that every person is in this movement, the stronger the impact will be.
Although cleaning up the drug problem in society may seem like the most logical way to go to most people, there could possibly still be those who do not see a problem at hand. These advocates most likely consist of those who themselves are using, including the teens that are being referred to throughout this proposal. Some teens may argue that drug awareness programs such as those mentioned before, take away their right to choose and experiment with things as they grow up. Today’s youth view drug experimentation as a rite of passage, almost as something they must experience at least once in their lifetime. For others, this may simply make them feel as if their clutch or coping mechanism is being taken away from them. There are some very troubled teens who would rather fade away their problems rather than face them.What advocates of drug use do not realize is that these substances do have consequences that will affect them for the rest of their lives. Therefore, precautions must be taken in order to help society.
As stated before, for this to work effectively every person within every community must reach out and get involved as much as possible. Every person is needed to implement the warning of the horrible effects of drug use to teens who do not know any better. In “Preventing Adolescent Drug Use: Long Term Results of a Junior High Program", the writers assert that “We conclude that teenagers need continued and strong reinforcement to resist drugs (or other high risk behavior) during the high school years” (Ellickson 860). This shows that teens need consistency in order for any program to work to its full potential. Teens need to hear from their parents, teachers, coaches, neighbors, and many more that drugs will have a negative effect on their lives and will  cause many problems, so which cannot be fixed easily. Addiction is a terrible thing to go through life dealing with and is something that you can never get over. It is our responsibility to spread the word and raise awareness to our youth whom may not know of the hazards. The more we talk about it, the more we can prevent it.





                                                                Works Cited
Deykin, Eva Y., Janice C. Levy, and Victoria Wells. "Adolescent Depression, Alcohol And Drug Abuse." American Journal Of Public Health 77.2 (1987): 178-182. Academic Search Complete. Web. 8 Apr. 2013.
Ellickson, Phyllis L., Robert M. Bell, and Kimberly McGuigan. "Preventing adolescent drug use: long-term results of a junior high program." American Journal of Public Health 83.6 (1993): 856-861.
“Facts on Drugs: Marijuana.” NIDA for Teens. 15 Mar. 2013. National Institute on Drug Abuse. 8 Apr. 2013.
Johnston, Lloyd. Monitoring the future: National results on adolescent drug use: Overview of key findings. No. 9. DIANE Publishing, 2010.
Robins, Lee N. "The Natural History Of Adolescent Drug Use." American Journal Of Public Health 74.7 (1984): 656-657. Academic Search Complete. Web. 8 Apr. 2013.

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